A powered-off MacBook can be compromised in less than three minutes. With just a few commands, it's possible for a hacker to extract a target's password hash and crack it without their knowledge.
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The goal in this article is to acquire a target's .plist file which contains their hashed password. Then, using a Python script to convert the .plist file into a format Hashcat can interpret, it's brute-forced it to reveal the password. The simplest method for performing this attack requires physical access to the target MacBook, recovery mode, a USB flash drive, another MacBook, and Hashcat.
It's also possible to leave out the USB flash drive and attacker's MacBook by instead creating a temporary user on the target MacBook where the commands can be performed. The temporary user can then be deleted when done. For this guide, however, we will show the USB flash drive method.
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Recovery mode is one of several startup modes supported by Mac devices. It includes a number of tools for reinstalling macOS, resetting account passwords, and configuring a firmware password. While this feature was designed to aid users locked out of their account and wipe the internal hard drive, it's often abused by hackers attempting to gain unauthorized access to sensitive files.
Since Mojave 10.14, macOS no longer allows users (not even root) to modify the .plist files containing hashed passwords while the operating system is running. This data can now only be acquired using recovery mode.
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The USB flash drive is required to move the target's .plist file from their MacBook to the attacker's. The USB flash drive used in this tutorial is FAT32 formatted, but NTFS and APFS formats should work as well.
There are a few macOS-specific commands in the featured Python script that make it easy to convert the .plist file into a format Hashcat can interpret. This is why another MacBook (or at least another account on the target MacBook) is needed.
To figure out the target's Mac password without changing it, the hash will need to be brute-forced and cracked. MacOS does an excellent job of securing the target's password. It's not possible to view user passwords in plain-text. CPU-based cracking solutions (like JohnTheRipper) will literally take decades to crack a single hash and are therefore not effective. Hashcat with a decent GPU is highly recommended.
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